Serial keys for software programs, more accurately called product keys or installation keys, are needed before you can install almost any popular software program.
Serial keys or key codes are often required during the first part of a program's installation or sometimes after using a program for a certain period of time.
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So what do you do when you can't find that special installation code but you need to install the program again?
Where Can I Find Serial Keys and Installation Codes for My Software?
Serial Numbers On Products
Without a doubt, a key finder program - a special kind of software tool - is the best way to go if you're lost a serial key for one of your software programs, so long as it's still installed or recently was.
Product key finder programs are software tools that automatically search your computer for the serial keys stored in the Windows Registry or elsewhere on your computer.
For example, when you installed your operating system and other software, the product keys used during their installations were stored, probably encrypted, inside a specific registry key.
See our article on free product key finder software programs for a ranked and reviewed collection of these very handy tools, all of which are free to download, install, and use.
Now, you could manually look in the registry for the serials and install keys yourself, but they can be very hard to find. Not only that, the stored keys are usually encrypted, making what you dig up there completely useless anyway.
Most product key finder programs were originally designed to find the serial numbers and key codes for operating systems like Windows 10, 8, 7, Vista, etc., but many of them find serials and keys for many other programs, too, like office suites, video games, and more.
What If the Program I'm Missing the Serial Key for Isn't Installed Anymore?
Even if you think, or know, the program you've lost the key for isn't installed on your computer anymore, you should still try one of the higher rated product key finder tools in our list.
Sometimes,a program will leave the registry keys that contain that program's serial key in the registry even after it's uninstalled, which is why this is worth a try. This isn't usually the case when the program was removed with a dedicated software uninstaller, but it's still worth a try.
If that doesn't work, you're left with digging around for the box the software came in, the email that accompanied the download, etc.
What If I Still Can't Find the Installation Code I'm After?
Unfortunately, at this point, your only legal option is to buy a new copy of the program.
In your search for help with lost serial keys, you've probably come across software cracking tools, keygen programs or maybe even lists of free key codes, there for the taking.
It's very important to realize that none of those resources are legal ways of obtaining installation keys or any other unique code designed to protect programs from being pirated.
The only legal way of installing software is by using a valid installation code obtained through a legal purchase of the software program.
I mean, I always was wondered about how the hell somebody can develop algorithms to break/cheat the constraints of legal use in many shareware programs out there.
Just for curiosity.
Alex. S.Alex. S.
8 Answers
Apart from being illegal, it's a very complex task.
Speaking just at a teoretical level the common way is to disassemble the program to crack and try to find where the key or the serialcode is checked.
Easier said than done since any serious protection scheme will check values in multiple places and also will derive critical information from the serial key for later use so that when you think you guessed it, the program will crash.
To create a crack you have to identify all the points where a check is done and modify the assembly code appropriately (often inverting a conditional jump or storing costants into memory locations).
To create a keygen you have to understand the algorithm and write a program to re-do the exact same calculation (I remember an old version of MS Office whose serial had a very simple rule, the sum of the digit should have been a multiple of 7, so writing the keygen was rather trivial).
Kumpulan Serial Number Idm
Both activities requires you to follow the execution of the application into a debugger and try to figure out what's happening. And you need to know the low level API of your Operating System.
Some heavily protected application have the code encrypted so that the file can't be disassembled. It is decrypted when loaded into memory but then they refuse to start if they detect that an in-memory debugger has started,
In essence it's something that requires a very deep knowledge, ingenuity and a lot of time! Oh, did I mention that is illegal in most countries?
If you want to know more, Google for the +ORC Cracking Tutorials they are very old and probably useless nowdays but will give you a good idea of what it means.
Anyway, a very good reason to know all this is if you want to write your own protection scheme.
Remo.DRemo.D
The bad guys search for the key-check code using a disassembler. This is relative easy if you know how to do this.
Afterwards you translate the key-checking code to C or another language (this step is optional). Reversing the process of key-checking gives you a key-generator.
If you know assembler it takes roughly a weekend to learn how to do this. I've done it just some years ago (never released anything though. It was just research for my game-development job. To write a hard to crack key you have to understand how people approach cracking).
Nils PipenbrinckNils Pipenbrinck
Nils's post deals with key generators. For cracks, usually you find a branch point and invert (or remove the condition) the logic. For example, you'll test to see if the software is registered, and the test may return zero if so, and then jump accordingly. You can change the 'jump if equals zero (je)' to 'jump if not-equals zero (jne)' by modifying a single byte. Or you can write no-operations over various portions of the code that do things that you don't want to do.
Compiled programs can be disassembled and with enough time, determined people can develop binary patches. A crack is simply a binary patch to get the program to behave differently.
Daniel PapasianDaniel Papasian
First, most copy-protection schemes aren't terribly well advanced, which is why you don't see a lot of people rolling their own these days.
There are a few methods used to do this. You can step through the code in a debugger, which does generally require a decent knowledge of assembly. Using that you can get an idea of where in the program copy protection/keygen methods are called. With that, you can use a disassembler like IDA Pro to analyze the code more closely and try to understand what is going on, and how you can bypass it. I've cracked time-limited Betas before by inserting NOOP instructions over the date-check.
It really just comes down to a good understanding of software and a basic understanding of assembly. Hak5 did a two-part series on the first two episodes this season on kind of the basics of reverse engineering and cracking. It's really basic, but it's probably exactly what you're looking for.
foxxtrotfoxxtrot
A would-be cracker disassembles the program and looks for the 'copy protection' bits, specifically for the algorithm that determines if a serial number is valid. From that code, you can often see what pattern of bits is required to unlock the functionality, and then write a generator to create numbers with those patterns.
Another alternative is to look for functions that return 'true' if the serial number is valid and 'false' if it's not, then develop a binary patch so that the function always returns 'true'.
Everything else is largely a variant on those two ideas. Copy protection is always breakable by definition - at some point you have to end up with executable code or the processor couldn't run it.
Kirk StrauserKirk Strauser
The serial number you can just extract the algorithm and start throwing 'Guesses' at it and look for a positive response. Computers are powerful, usually only takes a little while before it starts spitting out hits.
As for hacking, I used to be able to step through programs at a high level and look for a point where it stopped working. Then you go back to the last 'Call' that succeeded and step into it, then repeat. Back then, the copy protection was usually writing to the disk and seeing if a subsequent read succeeded (If so, the copy protection failed because they used to burn part of the floppy with a laser so it couldn't be written to).
Then it was just a matter of finding the right call and hardcoding the correct return value from that call.
I'm sure it's still similar, but they go through a lot of effort to hide the location of the call. Last one I tried I gave up because it kept loading code over the code I was single-stepping through, and I'm sure it's gotten lots more complicated since then.
Bill KBill K
I wonder why they don't just distribute personalized binaries, where the name of the owner is stored somewhere (encrypted and obfuscated) in the binary or better distributed over the whole binary. AFAIK Apple is doing this with the Music files from the iTunes store, however there it's far too easy, to remove the name from the files.
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NilsNils
I assume each crack is different, but I would guess in most cases somebody spendsa lot of time in the debugger tracing the application in question.
The serial generator takes that one step further by analyzing the algorithm thatchecks the serial number for validity and reverse engineers it.
mike511mike511